![]() Such improved spatial resolution ( Hornstein et al., 2000 Burton and Laughlin, 2003) and contrast sensitivity ( Gonzalez-Bellido et al., 2011) can enable the detection of smaller and dimmer targets ( Straw et al., 2006 Rigosi et al., 2017). ![]() These include physical adaptations, such as faster photoreceptors ( Weckström and Laughlin, 1995) and more acute and sensitive subregions of the eye ( Horridge, 1978 Olberg et al., 2007). This makes insects an attractive model for investigating the neuronal computations underlying these complex, sensorimotor processes.īiological systems employ a variety of strategies to improve target tracking in clutter. Despite having relatively small brains and limited visual resolution ( Horridge, 1978 Land, 1997), flying insects can detect and pursue small moving targets in natural scenes. Numerous species have developed strategies for detecting small targets across a variety of sensory modalities, including auditory localization in bats ( Arlettaz et al., 2001), the lateral line organ in squid ( York et al., 2016) or visual cues in insects ( Nordström and O’Carroll, 2006 Wiederman and O’Carroll, 2011), archerfish ( Schuster et al., 2006) and humans ( Bravo and Farid, 2004). This task often involves the detection of small targets against highly cluttered scenes, including distracting features such as falling leaves or other animals. In diverse species of animals, the ability to detect prey, predators and mates within the environment is essential to survival. ![]() However, whether this neuronal system could underlie the task of competitively selecting slow moving prey against fast-moving backgrounds remains an open question. In many scenarios, CSTMD1 responds robustly to targets moving through cluttered scenes. Our results highlight that CSTMD1’s competitive responses are to those features best matched to the neuron’s underlying spatiotemporal tuning, whether from the embedded target or other features in the background clutter. Additionally, the background’s direction of motion affects discriminability, though not in the manner observed in STMDs of other flying insects. Here, robust discrimination of our artificially embedded “target” is limited to scenarios when its velocity is matched to, or greater than, the background velocity. We find that background motion affects CSTMD1 responses via the competitive selection between features within the natural scene. We examine CSTMD1 response changes to target contrast, as well as a range of target and background velocities. ![]() Here, we describe intracellular responses of CSTMD1 (an identified STMD) to the visual presentation of targets embedded within cluttered, natural scenes. When presented with a pair of targets, some STMDs generate spiking activity that represent a competitive selection of one target, as if the alternative does not exist (i.e., selective attention). These Small Target Motion Detector (STMD) neurons are tuned to both target size and velocity, whilst also exhibiting facilitated responses to targets traveling along continuous trajectories. This task is likely supported by a group of neurons in the optic lobe which respond to moving targets that subtend less than a few degrees. 2Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenĪerial predators, such as the dragonfly, determine the position and movement of their prey even when both are moving through complex, natural scenes.1School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.Bernard John Essex Evans 1* David Charles O’Carroll 2 Joseph Mahandas Fabian 1 Steven D.
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I'm basically going to list games and how they fit together. ![]() So I had this thought recently that many Ubisoft games, particularly the newer ones, could coexist in the same universe. Related Subreddits: r/ShittyFanTheories r/AskScienceFiction r/AnimeTheory r/plotholes r/pokemonconspiracies r/trailers r/fixtheending Use of the confirmed flair requires mod approval so we can verify the confirmation source. Pre Existing theories which have turned out to be right must be backed up with supporting external evidence, such as that from the creator. Approval/removal of these post will be at the discretion of the mod team. While a body is not necessary to the post, more information on your question or request never hurts. Question and theory requests must, at minimum, have the media in the title and must have the proper flair, or they run the risk of being removed as low effort. **Theory request** - Posts requesting theories on certain pieces of media. Question - Posts with specific questions about existing theories. Meta - Posts regarding the sub-Reddit itself. Confirmed - Theories which have turned out to be right but must be back up with supporting external evidence. Star Wars - All works related the Star Wars franchise. Marvel - All works related to Marvel content, MCU, video games and Comics. FanSpeculation - A theory speculating the contents of future works. We ask that you flair your post based on these criteria:įanTheory - A theory regarding past or present works. Whether you want to promote your podcast, Youtube channel or blog, we do ask that you contact the mod team via mod mail before you post, but we are more likely to turn you down if it is not FanTheory related. ![]() People shouldn't have to leave the sub to know what your theory is, please include a write up about your idea. Rule 8 - Write up your theory if you link to an outside source Subjects that commonly fall under this rule include blockbuster series like Marvel and Star Wars, and theory ideas that caught on like "purgatory" theories. We ask for at least 2 paragraphs of writing about your theory and a specific citation from the work. Topics we receive a large number of submissions about will be subject to higher quality standards than other posts. ![]() We also do not take too kindly to reposts or stolen content either, if you have copied and pasted a theory or article from elsewhere, you must make it abundantly clear that the idea belongs to someone else and give full credit. Low effort posts include submissions that are just a title, posts that are joke/meme related or those with no evidence in them. Whether it's the name of the movie, show or video game, please tell us what you're talking about by putting the name in the title. Rule 5 - Add the media name to your title And for posts that are not marked with the spoiler flair, please use spoiler tags in the comment section: >!Spoiler Text Here!pertaining to real life events, such as the moon landing, are not allowed. R/FanTheories is a place for theories based on fictional pieces of media such as, but not limited to, TV shows, movies, and games. Rule 3 - Theories must be about creative works ![]() It's okay to dislike a theory but it's not okay to dislike a person because they don't agree with you, so please treat people with respect.įor more information, please read our in-depth policy on this rule.Įvidence makes for a good theory, this will be judged at the discretion of the mods. Or create your own in the Skin Editor.īattle Royale, Raids, Deathmatch, Duels… There are so many opportunities for you to challenge yourself. Would you like to be an Orc, a Skeleton, a mighty Amazon or someone else? Use extra-detailed skins and outfits to show off. 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Even in CPU-intensive titles like Hitman 2 and Microsoft Flight Simulator, the 5950X is overkill. Tasks that use a dominant core will see less of a benefit compared to the 5900X.Īs for gaming, while the 5950X can show slight improvements in certain titles, most games won’t be able to take advantage of the processor’s full horsepower. In tasks that require a lot of cores, such as hardware encryption and 3D rendering, the 5950X aces the charts and shoots far ahead of the 5900X. It might offer a marginal benefit over the 5900X while running CPU-intensive applications, however, the 5950X shines when it comes to multithreaded performance. As is the case with most high-end components, the 5950X’s power is clear from the specs, but it takes a little more digging to see its performance benefit in real-world use. It comes with 16 cores and 32 threads that can boost up to 4.9GHz, along with a whopping 72MB of combined L2 and 元 cache. 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Winters are relatively mild – the average daily high is around 45º Fahrenheit (7º C). ![]() It is one of the world’s greatest destinations for families, adventurers, sports enthusiasts, and business people alike. Between the contrast of the modern and the wild, one can find an array of activities and attractions for every taste and budget. Because Denver sits at over 5,000 feet above sea level, it is also called the Mile High City. Denver is a thriving metropolis with easy access to some of the most rugged places on Earth. ![]() The issue was resolved within three hours. On 30 September 2011, a faulty definition update caused the product to incorrectly tag Google Chrome as malware. Users may alternatively download the updates manually from the Microsoft Security Portal website. Microsoft Security Essentials automatically checks and downloads the latest virus definitions from Microsoft Update which is updated three times a day. According to a March 2012 report by anti-malware specialist OPSWAT, MSE was the most popular AV product in North America and the second most popular in the world, which has resulted in the appearance of several rogue antivirus programs that try to impersonate it. However, Microsoft significantly improved this product during the couple of years preceding February 2018, when MSE achieved AV-TEST's "Top Product" award after detecting 80% of the samples used during its test. It lost that certification in October 2012 in June 2013, MSE achieved the lowest possible protection score, zero. It secured AV-TEST certification in October 2009, having demonstrated its ability to eliminate all widely encountered malware. The product received generally positive reviews, praising its user interface, low resource usage, and freeware license. AVG, McAfee, Sophos, and Trend Micro claimed that the integration of the product into Microsoft Windows would be a violation of competition law. Symantec, McAfee, and Kaspersky Lab-three competing independent software vendors-dismissed it as an unworthy competitor, but AVG Technologies and Avast Software appreciated its potential to expand consumers' choices of AV software. Microsoft's announcement of its own AV software on 18 November 2008, was met with mixed reactions from the AV industry. It lacks the OneCare personal firewall and the Forefront Endpoint Protection centralized management features. It replaces Windows Live OneCare, a discontinued commercial subscription-based AV service, and the free Windows Defender, which only protected users from spyware until Windows 8.īuilt upon the same scanning engine and virus definitions as other Microsoft antivirus products, it provides real-time protection, constantly monitoring activities on the computer, scanning new files as they are created or downloaded, and disabling detected threats. The license agreement allows home users and small businesses to install and use the product free of charge. MSE 4.5 and later versions do not run on Windows XP. Prior to version 4.5, MSE ran on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7, but not on Windows 8 and later versions, which have built-in AV components known as Windows Defender. ![]() Microsoft Security Essentials ( MSE) is an antivirus software (AV) product that provides protection against different types of malicious software, such as computer viruses, spyware, rootkits, and Trojan horses. com /en-my /help /17150 /windows-7-what-is-microsoft-security-essentials English, Bulgarian, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian and Vietnamese ![]() provide the ion name for the resultant ion.A network model of a primitive cubic system The primitive and cubic close-packed (also known as face-centered cubic) unit cells. provide the ion symbol for the resultant ion, and A rock containing three crystals of pyrite (FeS 2).The crystal structure of pyrite is primitive cubic, and this is reflected in the cubic symmetry of its natural crystal facets.You’d still expect lithium to produce the most dramatic reaction.\) to determine the charge that will result upon its ionization, Despite nicely explaining why you might get more dramatic reactions nearer the middle of the group, the drop in work function (with caesium's being 1.3 times lower than lithium) is utterly swamped by the ~19 fold change in volume of hydrogen per gram of metal. There are some problems with this being a wholly satisfactory explanation though. In the end, although not in the way they might have intended, Brainiac helped produce a great resource to assist my teaching and stretch my students. A discussion of the ‘hydrogen-per-gram’ theory prepared students for future work on the mole and strengthened the models they were using to explain the alkali metal reactions. They got a sense of accomplishment as, when warned to look out for something fishy in the Brainiac clip, many would question the enormous leap in drama between potassium and rubidium and most of the time students would spot the wires fed into the bathtub to detonate the charge. When it came to explaining the reaction to students, this was about as far as I ever went. ![]() Although in school for simplicity we might use the term 'ionisation', the work function is a better metric to use that accounts for the atomisation as well. Using Gray's idea, you could suggest that the drop in volume of hydrogen produced is balanced by the reduction in the energy needed to abstract electrons and pass them to water. There is of course a corresponding drop in the number of atoms per gram, and therefore volume of hydrogen that can be produced from the same mass of metal. Gray suggested the disappointing results he and Brainiac had experienced were likely due to the fact that as you go down the group the atomic masses of the metals increase. Even an improvised underwater detonation device designed to rule out the possibility that the metal pieces were simply bouncing off the surface of the water proved unimpressive. He too was surprised at the disappointing results of his experiments with rubidium and caesium. Theodore Gray, owner of one of the most famous periodic tables, had also been experimenting with alkali metals and was sharing videos of the reactions on his website. The crew took the decision to rig the bathtub with explosives to acquire footage fitting the gaudiness of the show.Įxplosions and science from UK Sky One series Brainiac. ![]() But with so many people now able to review and scrutinize the show, suspicions that the explosions had been faked were soon raised and then confirmed.ĭespite the assumptions of Brainiac’s production team that the results would be impressive, they were left disappointed with their reactions of rubidium and caesium. It wasn’t long before people were recording and sharing their own experiments … and the ones they saw on TV.īrainiac had broadcast dramatic footage of alkali metals exploding in water. ![]() YouTube had launched the previous year and domestic internet access speeds were just about making the widespread hosting and sharing of video clips practical. It’s been nearly ten years since the appropriately titled Sky TV programme, Brainiac: Science Abuse, inadvertently kick-started the first real mainstream discussion on the alkali metals that chemistry teachers could widely participate in. Of course, it’s not practical to demonstrate rubidium and caesium live – but everyone knows their reactions are progressively more dramatic, and you can just show the video. Lithium fizzes, sodium pops, potassium explodes. What demonstration do you use to teach group relationships in the periodic table? What reaction shows the similarity of elements in a group and also the progressive chemistry from one element to the next? |
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